Twenty-five days traveling under the world’s oldest military regime…
I was thankfully able to have a number of what I would consider to be candid conversations on various off limit topics in secure environments. So what did I learn about Myanmar?
The Junta
I think the following paints an accurate picture of the clowns in power:
In the early 1970s a fortune teller told General Ne Win that if the direction of traffic was not reversed, he would die shortly. The direction of traffic was reversed within weeks. Hence the reason you’ll see a right hand steering wheel in a car driving on the right side of the road.
These people run the country.
Myanmar has the 25th largest military in the world at roughly 500,000 (larger than the United Kingdom). But why would anyone voluntarily join a military that is unanimously hated by its own people? This one was tough to answer but from what I could piece together half enjoy the access to power and corruption. The other half are just hungry. The pay is apparently nothing so it’s not as if the youngest son is enlisting to financially support his family. Needless to say I didn’t have a chance to speak with the other side of the aisle.
The Burmese
Despite what the newspapers would have you believe, Myanmar’s greatest resource is not timber, oil, gas, or precious jewels. It is its people. Despite the lack of personal freedoms, the ever present threat of spontaneous incarceration, and living in a world in which no avenues for vertical mobility exist, the Burmese are kind, warm, intelligent, welcoming, and would appear happy.
But like Mr. Joe’s sleepless nights which offset his jovial days, one can only guess how much deep fear and hardship the happy veneer these people wear on the surface hides underneath. But when generations know of nothing but suppression, perhaps ignorance becomes bliss.
What I do know is that life is a struggling for the overwhelming majority of people with which I interacted. Jobs are scarce. Corruption is not. Those with connections or money are able to break the cycle and fine work and relative security. The overwhelming majority without have no means to escape. Schools, the logical solution, are too expensive for most. And for those that can afford them (e.g. Mr. Joe), there is precious little left over afterwards. And for those coming out of school, there are no professional jobs. Unless you have a connection overseas your diploma isn’t worth the paper it’s printed on.
So why not leave the country? The government sees to it that passports are economically unfeasible for all but the most privileged, which makes them so far out of reach for the common man it’s not even on the table for discussion. And even if you had the money…you’re going to have to bribe someone to approve it. More money. And after all that the fickle government may just say NO. Or decide to close the borders. I did not converse with a single individual (outside of the two airports I visited) that had ever left the country.
When I asked an 86-year-old ex-municipality officer in Kalaw, who happened to be “incredibly poor but rich in family,” where he would travel if money was not an issue his answer took me back:
“I have never even dreamt of that question.”
He had never left his native town of Kalaw, and despite having worked diligently for decades as a well-respected civil servant, his government pension was 600 kyat a month. That’s $0.60 a month. It was so obscene and insulting that we all sadly laughed…right along with him.
Financial rich? No.
Father of six and grandfather to fourteen. Rich with family? Yes.
Life under the Regime
First off most people have no idea about what goes on in their country unless they see it with their own two eyes. Given the barriers to domestic mobility and absence of an independent news source, the internet and word of mouth serve as the only means of accurate news flow.
That said the internet is highly monitored and controlled. I couldn’t access this blog on most occasions. A guesthouse owner told me he never searched anything sensitive on his computer. “I always go into town.” He had heard of the government tracking IP addresses and taking action.
Internal transportation (i.e. buses) is so expensive that only the very fortunate can travel within. It was not uncommon to meet people to whom the very thought of traveling to Yangon or Mandalay was just crazy.
Tun Tun, the wise teenager of Bagan, had never left home.
“Will you ever leave Bagan?”
“No.”
“Would you like to see Yangon one day?”
“I’ve never thought about it. It’s too expensive.”
Too expensive. And here I am carrying enough money in my shorts to send him down and back. Twice.
No one has mobile phones. Too expensive. The government monitors the public lines. The majority of mail is opened, not for security purposes, but rather for financial gain. I asked Tun Tun’s family to explain what would happen if I tried to mail a package to them.
“It would be recognized as coming from outside the country and opened with the intent of stealing its contents. That would first happen in Yangon. Then at the regional level. Then at the local. It’s completely corrupt all the way down…”
Whether incorrect or not I’ve come to conclude regarding human rights abuses that few people can truly speak to the issue. Information, like the people, does not flow freely so I’m very suspect when I hear answers. Take Hillary, my personal guide in Yangon. When asked whether forced labor still occurs he replied he didn’t think so. When I address the lack of information he has access to he agrees that he’s in the dark.
And there it is. Like the power most nights…the people of Myanmar are in the dark. A credible source did say the “Ghost Highway” I rode from Yangon north was constructed primarily with forced prison labor. He said 10% of the prisoners died from disease related illness. Most internal airports were also constructed using forced labor – a fact that apparently has not reached the majority of package tourists (and yes I flew internal once).
In the end the country is massive, but the area accessible for travel is small. No one knows what goes on off the tourist trail. And that’s the scary reality.
The Future
As I’ve mentioned on several occasions the junta is awash with money. With its wealth of accessible natural resources that will continue to be of great economic importance to the key regional powers for decades to come, it’s no surprise the government enjoys favorable relations with its neighbors.
And what neighbors. Two of which represent 35% of the world’s population and one is the world’s next undisputed super power. Between the oil, gas, timber, and opium exports the government enjoys with India, Russia, Thailand, and China…no power outside the region is going to so much as rock the boat as long as the government has China in its back pocket. I was told that in exchange for 50% of the profits the government condones the cultivation of opium. How does it leave the country? On military trucks..
Obama sent several U.S. diplomats to Mandalay to reopen dialogue that had apparently gone cold under the previous administration. How did I learn? Every informed Burmese with a handheld radio listening to Radio Free America told me so. Talk. That’s all it’ll ever be. Sadly.
The government has said they will hold national elections next year. They haven’t said when of course. If you’re trying to visit pay attention. All borders will be shut three months before the date they select. The election is for show. The result, in all likelihood, will be violence. Nothing will change for the man on the street. And the people know it.
Eventually I started asking a question I’d phrase along the following lines:
Q: “I don’t care how crazy it sounds; I want to know how to change this country?”
The best answer I got also reveals another sad reality.
A: “Even if you dropped a bomb and eliminated all the generals and successfully removed the regime, this country is still made up of over 135 ethnic groups…none of which get along. Civil war would erupt immediately given the void of central power.”
And I believe it. I never felt so much as the slightly hint of national unity, only a shared distain for the military.
Worth the Visit?
Yes. An emphatic yes. The situation is incredibly fascinating, as I hope the above hints at. The people brilliant, the food forgettable, the landscape breathtaking. The travel can be as easy or as difficult as you want it. Granted the government has a tight leash on where you can and can not go, it doesn’t matter because all you have to do if walk twenty feet off the tourist trail…and you’ll find a smiling Burmese that can count on one hand the number of exchanges they’ve enjoyed with someone that looks like you and me.
The tragic reality is that there is no clock counting down to V-M Day. The Burmese will no sooner enjoy liberation from the west then the generals will voluntarily loosen their grip over their own people. The world’s longest running military dictatorship will remain just that. Sadly for some time to come…
I’ll wrap this up by sharing an exchange from late last night. I walked out of the internet café at midnight and turned left. I stood there gazing down the neon filled streets of Chiang Mai. I caught the eye of a beautiful girl sitting at an outdoor table. She looked at me. I looked at her. We both slightly cocked our heads to the side and made the connection. It was the same London couple from my epic first night on Gili T off Bali back in September. I sit down and the three of us swap war stories. Where you been? Where you going? The usual.
I mention my crossing from Myanmar three days ago and get the immediate question, “What was Burma like?” First time I’d been asked. I kind of froze. How do I even begin? As I began to describe my experience… the country…the people…the situation…the challenges, neither Brit ever broke eye contact. They were fixed.
They had traveled Sumatra, Malaysia, and had covered Thailand. They had, in their own words however, yet to experience anything close to what I was describing. The real Asian experience. The untouched villages. The genuine native people. In a word: sincerity.
I was told nothing in Thailand was real. Nothing left to be discovered. I was told that everyone here thinks they know where the real Asian experience is but when they get there they only find disappointment. 13,000,000 visit Thailand a year. What do you expect?
After lecturing for thirty minutes I could see the fire and intrigue in the eyes before me. I think they now know where to find what it is they came here looking for…
Myanmar. You know where to find it, I told them. It’s just across the border, a world away…
Its been…